Distributed control of battery energy storage systems in distribution networks for voltage regulation at transmission–distribution network interconnection points

This paper describes a control framework that enables distributed battery energy storage systems (BESS) connected to distribution networks (DNs) track voltage setpoints requested by the transmission system operator (TSO) at specific interconnection points in an optimal and coordinated manner. The design is based on optimisation problem whose objective minimise real-time voltage-tracking mismatch while satisfying local physical network constraints. A novel agent-based scheme adopting online convex (OCO) developed solved fashion guarantee solution’s scalability service provision within required time. BESS agents under proposed automatically adapt time-varying conditions so as whilst fulfilling technical operating requirements of network. designed OCO-based addresses existing conflict between accuracy optimality solution communication computational efficiency. convergence demonstrated. Several case studies are performed corroborate analytical results assess performance approach.